Global Health Resource Allocation Of Zambia - 1613 Words

Global Health Resource Allocation Approximately 3.3 billion people are at risk of being infected by and developing malaria today, despite massive international efforts to control the transmission of malaria (World Health Organization [WHO], 2014). Malaria has led to 584,000 deaths, and 189 million people are infected with malaria globally in 2013. The burden of disease is heaviest in the sub-Saharan Africa, where 90% of all malaria deaths occur. Malaria in African disproportionately affects the children under the age of five and is responsible for over 430,000 children deaths every year. The purpose of this discussion is to identify the social and economic impact of malaria in Zambia, the resource allocation in alleviating the burden of the disease, and the progress made for fighting the disease. Social Impacts Zambia is a malaria endemic country located in the heart of central sub-Saharan Africa with approximately 13.1 million people, 39.5% of which live in urban areas and the other 60.5% in rural areas (Central Statistical Office [CSO], 2013). The WHO reported an estimated 4.5 million cases and 7,737 deaths associated with malaria in 2011 (WHO, 2014). Forty percent of outpatient visits in Zambia are related to malaria (Chanda et al., 2013). The Eastern and Northern Zambia provinces had the highest incidence of malaria annually and accounted for almost 40% of all childhood deaths and 20% of maternal mortality (CSO, 2009). As such, the morbidity and mortality amongShow MoreRelatedBudgeting Process10662 Words   |  43 Pagesfinances management in Zambia. 2. Gumboh Steven, (2004): MTEF Manual for Central Government: Zambia. 3. Mudenda Dale, (2005). The budgeting Processes and Economic Governance in Zambia: A Literature Review. 4. Bolnick Bruce, (1995): Establishing Fiscal Discipline: the Cash budget in Zambia. 5. Dinh Hinh, (2000) Cash Budget in Zambia: Stabilizations versus Growth and Poverty Reduction. 6. Mwanawina, I, M, (2002): Transparency and participation in the budgeting process: Zambia Country Report. 7. MwansaRead MoreA Brief Note On Zambia s Social Protection Essay2453 Words   |  10 PagesZambia’s social protection Zambia has a long history of contributory social security schemes, which are based on the social insurance model and limited to providing protection against loss of income due to retirement, disability and death. Therefore, the scope of coverage is limited, and working women are often excluded because they are mostly in informal jobs. The national social security institutions are the National Pension Scheme Authority (NAPSA), the Fund for Public Service Pension (PSPF)Read MoreThe Trends in Depressive Disorders in Malawi from 1990 tO 20101761 Words   |  8 PagesPublic Health Interventions on mental health service delivery in Malawi There have been a strong advocacy by the mental health practitioners to strengthen the elements of public health such as public health intelligence, interventions and infrastructure in addressing mental health services during international conferences (11). This has led to the Ministry of Health in Malawi to plan for the interventions dealing with the disease prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of the patients once theyRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Malaria Is A Disease1884 Words   |  8 Pageslargest killer of children worldwide. The number of malaria related deaths per years has decreased through the years however the number of deaths is extremely high and can be drastically lowered or even diminished completely with the right resources. These resources have proven to be available and successful in some particularly wealthy areas of the world, yet malaria is still very prevalent and fatal in others. The question is why? What roles does government play in this international issue? What stepsRead MoreNational Solid Waste Management Strategy10632 Words   |  43 PagesEnvironmental Council of Zambia National Solid Waste Management Strategy for Zambia September 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables Abbreviations 1.0 iii vi 1 vii Acknowledgements Introduction to the strategy 1.1 BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 THE OPERATIONAL LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF THE STRATEGY ........................................Read MoreWomen s Health Care Of Women And Their Contributing Factors1680 Words   |  7 Pagesfor women’s health will secure high social, health, and economic returns (Stenberg et al., 2014). As a result, there has been a stronger focus on women’s health since 1985 when the Report of the Public Health Service Task Force on Women’s Health Issues was published. Therefore, the published report recognized the urgency to focus on women’s health at the community and individual levels (Lee, 2015). In addition, the shift to focus on women’s health recognized that a woman’s health involves moreRead MoreHuman Capital Flight ( Hcf )3942 Words   |  16 Pagesespecially in the last t wenty years among health care professionals. This prominence is as a result of global shortages in the supply of health professional (Chibango, 2013; Clark, Stewart, Clark, 2006). The shortage has exposed the crisis inherent in global health systems. The advent of the new international economic order facilitated by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the 1980s has created a borderless world in the movement of global finance, goods and services and labourRead MoreHuman Resource Development in Pakistan6755 Words   |  28 PagesTHE CHALLENGES OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN Dr. Nasim Ashraf Abstract This paper explores the challenges posed in the area of human development in Pakistan. Pakistan has made little progress in key indicators of human development - education and health - due to years of neglect in policy making and implementation issues. Based on available data, it is highlighted that despite achieving a respectable growth rate, Pakistan has not been able to reduce poverty as other nations haveRead MoreDiscuss the Importance of Non Verbal Communication to Education24125 Words   |  97 PagesPlanned project activities * IFAD s development effectiveness * Performance-based allocation system * Supervision and implementation support * Result and impact management system * South-south and triangular cooperation * Grants * Policy dialogue * Anticorruption policy * Guidelines, manuals and handbooks * * IFAD/Belgian Fund for Food Security Joint Programme * Global Environment Facility ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Read MoreAfrican Development And Income Inequalities3098 Words   |  13 PagesAfrica is a continent rich in culture, resources, and potential. But when compared to the rest of the world, Africa stands as the poorest continent despite having some of the world’s richest natural resources. Africa has some of the poorest life expectancy, highest HIV/AIDS rates, malnutrition and infant mortality rates in the world (African Development Bank Group, Income Inequality in Africa, 2012, p. 2). It leaves one to question the reason for such disparity within the continent. The following

The Affordable Care Act Reform - 1543 Words

The Affordable Care Act passed in 2010 and signed by President Obama on March 23, 2010. The vision was to reform the health-care in America worked and dramatically decreases the number of uninsured individuals. President Barack Obama campaigned aggressively under the phrase’ â€Å"Yes We Can†. In the end â€Å"Yes he did† get the health-care reform legislation past and set into motion the overall of health insurance decades in the making. Many of the major objectives of the Affordable Care Act were setup to be implemented over time, most of which will be in place by 2016. Until then it is somewhat difficult to determine the true impact of the Affordable Care Act on individuals and their medical care and the financial impact of the costs. As,†¦show more content†¦The objective was clear the time for health-care reform was now, how that objective was going to be met was unclear. In William Custer’s article Risk Adjustment and the Affordable Care Act states, â€Å"There has been a sharp decline in private coverage over the last decade, and concurrent increases in public coverage and the number of uninsured† (Custer PhD, 2013). The passage of the Affordable Care Act set out in grand fashion to meet overcome some of these challenges. House Bill 3590 titled the Affordable Care Act provides changes to some very vital areas of medical coverage, including such things as: no lifetime or annual coverage limits, prohibition of rescissions, coverage of preventative health services and extension of dependent coverage and the creation of uniform explanation of coverage documents and standardized definitions (House of Representatives, 2010). Individuals who have major medical conditions will no longer struggle to maintain the coverage they so desperately need to care for their medical condition and maintain the best quality health condition. Health Insurance providers can no longer deny coverage to an individual due to a medical condition, pre-existing or newly diagnosed. Arguably one of the key areas in regards to improved health coverage was in the area of preventative health services. Insuring dependants to the age of 26 will dramatically increase the

Visitor’s Opinions Free Essays

Although Windsor is seen to be a tourist town, filled with a number of attractions for all, it is necessary to get tourists opinions of the place. Tourists may hold many different and in some cases extremely opposing views on what they make of the town, criteria in which the town could improve on, attributes it lacks and generally whether or not Windsor is or is not worth a visit. Opinions of Windsor through its’ tourists go a long way in raising the profile Windsor as a tourist town. We will write a custom essay sample on Visitor’s Opinions or any similar topic only for you Order Now The opinions of the tourist go hard in hand in either contributing to a negative or positive impact of tourism in the area. It is these opinions that are highly regarded in a town like Windsor and through the data collected we can see how these positive or negative opinions are affecting the town. Whilst in Windsor a number of different questions were asked to tourists to gain their opinions on Windsor as a tourist destination. The age of the visitors interviewed is an important point to get across. As often people’s ages does sometimes affect decisions you make with you opinions. As figure S demonstrate the main age category of people I was dealing with was between 40-49 this category was inclusive of 5 people, the category30-39 year olds inclusive of 4 people, 50-59, 3 people and Under 18, 19-29 and 60+ 2 people each. This shows us that we were mainly dealing with the views of the middle aged but I was also receiving information from people of a variety of different age groups, suggesting that a balanced view across all age groups was obtained. Rating the journey to Windsor (see fig. T) although does not provide information on the main title question does show us how accessible Windsor is for the tourist and how easy their journey to the tourist destination was. Ten people opted to say that their journey was ‘very good, another eleven stated that it was Good and one person even said that their journey to Windsor should be rated as Excellent. This not only gives indication to the suggestion that traffic coming into Windsor on this particular day was not at all bad, but also shows that a number of accessible routes have been developed to come into Windsor, from a number of different means of transportation. To see how tourists rate Windsor as a tourist destination (see fig. T) is a very significant question. This tells us precisely what the tourist is thinking about the destination. When carrying out this survey I received mixed views from the interviewees. Six people rated the destination as being Excellent, another seven recommended it as a Very Good destination, four people rated it as Good and three people said that it was Poor. This although is a general good outlook on the town as there was a large amount of positive feedback does indicate that there are problems in Windsor certain tourists are experiencing. Which brings me to the next question – problems tourists are associating with Windsor (see fig. G). Litter, toilet accessibility, crime and queuing were not seen to be problems by tourists in Windsor. Instead crowding was seen to be a major deterrent with eight people feeling that this was a serious problem, the High Price of facilities was perhaps the biggest problem with eleven people feeling that this should be addressed, especially the regional price variations that occur within Windsor during the peak tourists months. Noise was a small setback with four people feeling that this was an issue to be dealt with and language barriers was perhaps an underlying problem with only two people feeling that this should be addressed. The final question was the most gaining in terms of the opinion of the tourist. It asks whether Windsor would be recommended as a tourist town to a friend (see figure L). Sixteen people opted as Yes and four as No. This again highlights Windsor’s ‘tourist appeal’ and popularity as a tourist destination as approximately over seventy percent of those people interviewed gave Windsor a positive affirmation. Aside from all this I also gained the opinion of Mrs. Brumpt in a separate interview I conducted regarding Windsor she felt like many other tourists and that is that Windsor did not have many problem to be addressed, but did say Windsor â€Å"needed to become more ‘user friendly’ and have easier access for disabled persons† and that traffic congestion when she commuted to work was also a big problem that needed to be tackled. Overall Windsor has received a lot of positive feedback from tourists. There were not any real concerns with problems, and as Windsor already implements a number of improvements most are usually dealt with. However I feel I should mention pricing as this is what concerns most people. This however, is an understandable problem and the regional variations in prices only occurs as a result of Windsor wanting to make as mush money out of the tourist as possible and in the process strengthening the economy. Nevertheless this is not such a major deterrent as people are still coming back to spend money in Windsor. Generally speaking Windsor is easily accessible, a good tourist destination and many would recommend the town to friends to visit. Tourist opinions give us a more lucid perception of Windsor’s ‘tourist appeal’, which tourists feel is potentially very high indeed. Through the opinions of visitor’s alone we can see that tourism has had an impact on Windsor as with the many encouraging points made about the town can do it no harm, but yet a lot of good. Positive tourist opinions help to boost Windsor’s market as if these tourists have a good experience and enjoy Windsor they will no doubt tell their friends and family who will also then want to visit the area. Therefore in terms of Visitor’s opinions on Windsor this does have an impact as it helps to generate a greater income for the local economy through the number of tourists visiting the area. How to cite Visitor’s Opinions, Papers

Describe Standard Of Environmental Codes â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Describe Standard Of Environmental Codes? Answer: Introduction: The aim of this assignment report is to describe the standard of environmental codes that are aimed to improve the quality of bakery products. Few of the codes are then applied in the Baxter Bakery Caf (BBC) that is aimed to deal with the challenges related to the poor quality of the products. Proper template is also used in the context to monitor whether or not the codes of standard are being followed within the industry. Proper suggestions will also be given to BBC, which will help them to follow the guidelines of the code related to the environmental standard of bakery industry. The purpose of the environmental standards that are maintained within the bakery industry is to ensure high level of safety of the foods and beverages. There are various food safety regulations that are applied at each stage of the food and beverage preparation. The BBC needs to ensure that they follow these standards that are meant to deal with the quality of the food that is made. Few of the important relevant standards that are followed by the bakery are as follows: Work place safety It is the duty of the management of BBC to ensure that all the workers in the manufacturing unit of the company have a safe and healthy environment within the workplace, which is aimed to improve the level of working condition within the workplace. Due to most of the hazards that are involved in the process on manufacturing, it is essential to minimize the risks that are associated with the use of the hazardous materials. There are also chances of various health risks that are associated for the workers within the bakery manufacturing unit that can include diseases related to the breathing troubles and other types of health care issues (Noya et al., 2013). By maintain workplace safety in the form of using proper ventilation system, it is possible to avoid all such incidents. The standards of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1984 needs to be implemented in the following context to deal with the challenges related to safety (Tufvesson et al., 2013). Food Safety Regulations The standards of food and safety are being implemented by the norms related to ensuring the quality of the food and beverage that are being prepared. These standards are meant to be applied for all food and beverage industrial products. The bakery products of BBC needs to maintain the quality that can ensure no harm is caused to the consumers. It is also essential for them to avoid all types of artificial ingredients that are a part of the food safety act. The norms of Food Act 2006 needs to be implemented in the given context. Food Safety compliance Securing the safety of the food is an essential part of the Bakery business of BBC. It is essential for them to apply the food safety compliance, which can be ensured with the help of regular quality checking procedures (Mylan et al., 2015). It is essential in this context for a management of BBC to employee food safety officers, who will guarantee safe quality of the Bakery products. Treatment of the Industrial wastes Waste productsare a part of the Bakery industry, which is excluded from the drainage system. It is essential for the BBC Bakery company to ensure that none of the waste products that are emitted as a environmental pollutants could cause harm to the local ecosystem. This can be achieved by the by help of proper treatment methods. For example, it is with the help of proper exhaustion system,it is possible to ensure that no harmful air pollutants are exposed to the atmosphere. It is also the duty of the environmental specialists to ensure that proper scientific techniques of waste treatment are being followed within the manufacturing unit of the industry. Handling of Stocks It is common for all Bakery products, to receive huge bulk of stock as raw materials. It is one of the essential parts of the standards of Bakery industry to ensure that all the stocks are doing kept in healthy environment in order to ensure that they do not have the risk of getting contaminated. BBC Bakery needs to implement proper storage system using electronic devices in order to manually control the temperature that is needed to stored store raw materials (Therkelsen et al., 2014). Checklist of Environmental regulations Hierarchy of control Yes/No Compliance with environmental regulations Yes State and Federal acts and codes Yes Correct installation of equipment to reduce environmental impact No Reduced efficiency issues effective environmental impact Yes Use of natural resources to ensure minimum environmental impact No Record current usage of resources No Resource usage wastage Yes Two of the major issues that are identified from the above checklist are due to the fact that the Bakery Company is not using natural product in order to ensure environmental impact. It is essential for the company manager to ensure about the fact related to reduction of the environmental loss. It is essential in this context to use natural ingredients in the process of food manufacturing. Proper up gradation of existing manufacturing technology is essential in this context, which will help the Bakery to use natural ingredients. It is also important to mention that the negative aspect of this process is the expenditure of manufacturing Bakery products will increase. Nevertheless, in the long run process this can help to improve upon the companys reputation. The management of BBC can take guidance Modern bakery, which has been able to implement the laws related to the environmental protection. BBC can hire ex-workers from that company, in order to deal with the relevant challenges Record maintenance is also one of the major issues that an encounter by the Bakery company. Hence, it is important for the manager to implement proper database system, which will help to store all the relevant information of the companys performance. The overall cost of bringing aboutthe above mentioned changes is calculated to be of approx. $500,000 and it has to be implemented in the time frame of 1 year. The changes can be monitored with the help of regular inspections by the food inspectors and environmentalists. It is also essential to provide proper training to all the team members of BBC, which is essential in the purpose of implementing change. Parameters Monitoring Principals New environmental targets Regular visit by environment a list can help to monitor the relevant principles Purchasing strategies based on environmental sustainability It is essential for the company to purchase raw materials that are environment friendly. Environmental improvement strategies Following the guidelines that are implemented by the government to ensure the protection of environment Ability to record information Use of proper databases Rewards program for customers Customer satisfaction survey Conclusion In the concluding note, it can be said that it is essential for the Bakery team of BBC to understand and implement the standards of environmental codes that are aimed to improve the quality of Bakery products. Five of the major standards have been highlighted in the given context. The template of checklist that has been prepared is meant for the monitoring the activities of the bakery. It is necessary for the management of BBC to implement changes according to the issues identified from the checklist related to the environmental standards. There are also certain monitoring principles, which will help the BBC Bakery to improve upon the quality of manufactured products. Reference Mylan, J., Geels, F. W., Gee, S., McMeekin, A., Foster, C. (2015). Eco-innovation and retailers in milk, beef and bread chains: enriching environmental supply chain management with insights from innovation studies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 107, 20-30. Noya, I., Vasilaki, V., Stojceska, V., Gonzlez-Garca, S., Kleynhans, C., Tassou, S., ... Katsou, E. (2017). An environmental evaluation of food supply chain using life cycle assessment: a case study on gluten free biscuit products. Journal of Cleaner Production. Therkelsen, P., Masanet, E., Worrell, E. (2014). Energy efficiency opportunities in the US commercial baking industry. Journal of Food Engineering, 130, 14-22. Tufvesson, L. M., Lantz, M., Brjesson, P. (2013). Environmental performance of biogas produced from industrial residues including competition with animal feedlife-cycle calculations according to different methodologies and standards. Journal of Cleaner Production, 53, 214-223.

The Spanish Civil War Essay Example For Students

The Spanish Civil War Essay With reference to any civil war in the 20th century examinethe social, economic and political background to the divisions inthe society involved. To what extent were the problems whichcaused the war resolved in the post-war period?The state of Spain during the early years of the 20th centurycan be said to have been a state of great â€Å"unease†. Spain was oneof the first powers to loose her imperial influence, the state waspolitically unstable, industrially weak and had suffered somehumiliating defeats. It can be said that these were the maincauses that lead to the great instability of Spain during the Civilwar and post civil war periods. We will write a custom essay on The Spanish Civil War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Left-winged radicalism and nationalistic movements, such asthe Catalan movement frequently came into conflict with the centralgovernment, which lead the government to use corruption more andmore frequently as a form of control. The result was a militarycoup in 1923 lead by Miguel Primo de Rivera. Rivera preferred amore direct way of governing, with a strong Christian base and avery anti-communist attitude. He did not like party politics,preferring to govern pragmatically, at first with a militarycabinet, but later on (1926) he decided a systematic governmentwould be more efficient. So he introduced the `National Assembly’intended to represent different classes and groups, probably tosoften the opposition; as well as the Union Patriotica, created tomobilize popular support for his regime. Rivera also managed to strengthen the Spanish infra-structure,but the funding had to come from loans from other nations, becausethe upper classes would not accept a overhaul in the taxationsystem. He also managed to encourage industrial growth, which didwork to a certain extent because of many internal problems, and thebig depression. These financial and political, as well as social difficultiesled his regime to end in 1930 because it was unable to stop theattacks from the left, as well as attacks from the reluctantmilitary (who did not like his ideas of officer minimalisation). The next elections were won by the republicans, led by Azana,without too much difficulty. The Republic lasted 8 years beforeanother military coup, led by general Franco, took over thegovernment. The Republic tried to set out major reforms, intending torestructure the whole of Spain. The eight-hour working day was setup, as well as a reduction of officers in the armed forces (by theform of early retirement). Voting rights were given to people atthe age of 23, the nobility was abolished and, severe measures weretaken against the Church, especially religious education(considered, in a way, a form of propaganda). The region ofCatalonia was given some self-governing privileges, like thecontrol of it’s own police. The problem was that these reformsseemed to be too severe to the right-winged opposition and theprivileged classes. So in 1933, Azana’s government fell after being defeated bythe general elections. The new government was actually a series ofcoalitions which set out to undo all the reforms produced by theformer republican government. This lead to conflicts between whatnow could be called the two main â€Å"fronts†. These two camps werethe Popular Front (consisting of Communists, Socialist, Anarchists,etc.), and the National Front (consisting of right-winged partiesand other conservative institutions, such as the Church and theFalange). These parties fought for the next elections after theformer coalition government dissolved. The Popular Front won these elections, and so once again,Azana came into power. He tried, once again, to set out all hisprevious reforms. He also exiled Franco, who was considered thegreatest threat to the new government. The problem with the newgovernment though, was that it was (in the eyes of the opposition)drifting too far into communism. The National Front could notstand it any longer, so a military coup was hatched, lead by Francoto overthrough the government. This plan was set up so that twomain forces, one coming from the north, and the other from thesouth would eventually converge and snuff out the Republic. .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5 , .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5 .postImageUrl , .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5 , .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5:hover , .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5:visited , .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5:active { border:0!important; } .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5:active , .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5 .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5816ad00eb61e7ac49a8747ba181d2c5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Racial Profiling EssayThe National Front eventually won the civil war, not onlybecause it had financial and military support from Nazi Germany andFascist Italy, but also because the Popular Front had it’s owninternal conflicts. Franco’s regime proved quite successful. He managed toovercome internal disputes and balance the different Nationalistgroups; he left the question of monarchy open to the carlists andalso favored and encouraged a more influential Church. Even thoughhis government had a tough time during the 1940’s with regards toit’s status (problems becoming a member of the united nations),other nations saw Spain become, in their eyes, a more â€Å"softernation†, this improved it’s foreign dealings, mainly because of thefact that the cold war had started. A great success was the 1953 Madrid Pact between Spain and theU.S.A, which provided Spain with quite a substantial amount ofmilitary and monetary aid in return for access to it’s militarybases. This pact, as well as the better relations between Spainand the other powers and the great stability brought about becauseof the enormous repression that came with his regime, led Spain tobooming years during the 1960’s. The Spanish people saw a better Spain, economically, but itwas still in a very primitive state politically and sociallycompared to other european nations, who were not under militaryrule (with a few exceptions, of course). The end of the Francoregime left many scars in the social and political side of Spain. People had been submitted to a suppressive state, where very littleregard for any basic human right was given.

Interactive Communication Skills Essay Example

Interactive Communication Skills Essay Example Interactive Communication Skills Essay Interactive Communication Skills Essay Youre supposed to tell people what to do. All too often, though, people in management positions forget to make expectations clear, so make sure your employees or supervises know exactly what you want from them on every project. Make Expectations Reasonable With budget cuts sweeping the nation, more and more people are shouldering extra responsibilities. From volunteers at non profits to high level employees at large corporations, were all working extra hard. In this climate, its important to keep seasonable expectations. Dont give people tasks that are doomed to failure. If your company or department is suffering from budget cuts or employee losses, productivity may dip, so its important not to blame employees for things theyre not responsible for. Correct Mistakes When someone makes a mistake, let them know. This gives them an opportunity to correct it rather than making the same mistake. Correcting mistakes does not mean youre being a bully. Rather, it means youre giving people a chance to succeed. Communicate When youre in a position of power that allows you to see the big picture, it can be say to forget that not everyone has the benefit of your birds eye view. Communicate frequently with people you supervise about future plans, projects, and goals. Make sure to communicate both the positive and negative. Too often, bosses get caught up in criticizing rather than praising, so avoid this common mistake. Treat Employees Like People You shouldnt be overly involved in your employees personal lives in most cases, but that doesnt mean its not a good idea to invest in them as people. Make small talk and convey a sense of genuine care for them as people. Remembering birthdays, offering condolences when someone dies, and creating a team environment can lead to a substantially better working environment. Criticize Constructively Criticism can be beneficial to a persons Job performance, but not if they feel like theyre being torn down as a human being. Rather than questioning a persons dedication or competence, give specific instructions about what they can do differently. Dont engage in blaming or name calling. Offer Praise Perhaps the most important thing a good boss does is to offer praise when someone does something right. Aim to praise everyone at least twice as often as you criticize them. Even employees who are slacking off or not performing well can benefit from regular praise. When people feel good about themselves they tend to do better. Accept Criticism Perhaps the most critical difference between good bosses and great ones is that great bosses are willing to accept constructive criticism. Ask your employees what you can do to be a better supervisor, and be willing to listen to their concerns. Dont Engage in Office Gossip Every office has its own politics, with in groups, out groups, and cliques. Dont get manage, will suffer. Treat each employee equally, and dont Judge performance based upon how much you or someone else likes a particular employee. Dont Be a Pushover Its true that some of the worst bosses are Just blatantly mean, but being a pushover can be equally problematic. If youre afraid of confrontation, your employees dont have a chance to get meaningful feedback and improve at their Jobs. Work to straddle the line between being a pushover and a bully, and instead be assertive but kind. Your employees will be grateful for your combination of assertiveness and friendliness. 0 QUALITIES A SUPERVISOR SHOULD HAVE The 10 main qualities required are: 1 . Great communication skills: As a supervisor one must communicate clearly and correctly to avoid misunderstandings and frustrations. When receiving information from a subordinate, she should be sure to receive it correctly There is no harm in asking again if necessary. 2. Adapt to the changes: World is changing at a fast pace. The efficient supervisors ought to keep up with it. Do not Just blindly follow the age old norms and rules. Think out of the box if required. Adjust to the needs of the organization. 3. Value the employees: The people are any supervisors real asset. They are ones running the business and the work. A good supervisor understands their worth and treats them accordingly. 4. A coacher/mentor: Share your experience. A good supervisor shares her wisdom, knowledge and experience with the employees. She helps them perform better. This also strengthens the bond and the trust between them. 5. Disciplined: If a supervisor is disciplined then only can she expect the people to be so. The boss is an example Come on time, meet the time- lines, set a behavioral code if necessary. 6. Feedback/incentives: Promotions, feedback, raises and accolades should be showered on the deserving people. 7. Be an example: Be hands on Do not Just always delegate. At times the boss should take on projects too. She may try picking up something less attractive or uninteresting and complete it wonderfully. This sets an example to all the team about taking up challenges and about how any work is important. . Be approachable: The employees should not hesitate in approaching the supervisor with their concerns and problems. An efficient supervisor will make sure that there is enough trust and openness teeny her and the employees for the latter to come to her with their grievances. 9. Be considerate: People are not Just employees. They have families, friends and a life beyond work. Unless there is som ething urgent, do not make them work beyond the usual hours. Let them have their weekends and vacations. Be practical when setting the time-lines. This all will in turn improve the efficiency and the productivity of the employees. 10. Positive attitude: Be polite. Wish employees good mornings and be generous in thanking them. Inquire after about their families off and on. 11. Criticize instructively: When mistakes happen a good supervisor tries and understands the reasons behind the mishap. She criticizes or assesses the employee in proportion to the mistake. And it is always better to not to scream or scold in front of the others. Give constructive feedback; show them the right way to do things. . Equally important is understanding and incorporating employee feedback. A good supervisor interacts effectively with her employees, maintaining open lines of communication to ensure she stays informed bout project progress and brewing problems. Empathy If you cant place yourself in your employees shoes, you cant lead them effectively. For example, a parent might not be able to work overtime, or an employee going through a hard time might need temporary special considerations. Be as accommodating as possible in the face of genuine need, and your employees will be loyal in return. Ability to Delegate A good supervisor excels in delegating tasks to those employees best-equipped to handle them. Proper delegation streamlines a project, ensuring efficiency and maximizing profitability. Poor delegation, on the other hand, compromises a project. For example, if you delegate a vital task to an inexperienced employee, the whole project can slow. Worse, you might have to backtrack to fix errors, an inefficient use of time and resources. Flexibility No single approach to management works in every situation. Rather, a good supervisor chooses tactics based on the situation. For example, as a deadline nears, you might adopt a hard-line approach to ensure the work gets done. But your employees cant operate at full-speed perpetually, so adopt a more relaxed approach during downtime between projects. This gives employees time to recover their strength. Confidence Your employees look to you for inspiration. If you seem wish-washy or fearful, theyll assume you dont know what youre doing. That insecurity will create a negative workplace atmosphere, stifling productivity. But if you display confidence and positivist, your employees will be secure in your skills as a leader. Humility While a confident and positive outlook is important, not every decision you make will work out well. When a project fails or a choice backfires, accept responsibility and learn from the mistake. Dont blame your employees for problems that resulted from your mistakes. (1) Tame yourself You have to begin by understanding your personality and taming it. If you are too quiet, you will need to work on becoming more outgoing and decisive. If you are too decisive, to the point where you scare people, you will need to work on toning yourself down. You want to become a thoughtful, considerate leader who knows where you are going and is able to communicate that properly to the team. (2) Have a goal If you dont know where you are going, you will never arrive, and no one will be able to follow you. Your goal can e as simple as providing every customer with the best service or no injuries, no deaths on the Job or make a profit. (3) Have a clear, simple message You must be able to convey your goal in a sound bite. People can understand and retain clear, simple messages. You have to be able to repeat the message at meetings, in newsletters and in general conversations. If your people know the message, they will be able to follow. (4) Look and act like a leader People have a much easier time following someone who looks as they should. Your cl othes should be clean and pressed. Your shoes should be polished. You should walk with confidence. (5) Be trustworthy People wont follow you if they dont trust you. You must be ethical and People dont trust people who say one thing at a meeting, and then say or do something different outside of the meeting. (6) Care about your people You cant supervise people if you dont like them. You shouldnt become best friends with your staff, but you should know them and know what their problems are. Because you care, you should attend their weddings, and the funerals of their close family members. Because you are their leader, you should not attend more personal unctions, such as their birthday parties. You need to keep yourself concerned with your staff, but not intimately involved with them. If you are really not a people person, consider another, non-managerial position in your organization. Ruth Hag (wry. Managerial. Com) is the President and CEO of Hag Environmental Company, a hazardous waste consulting firm. Ruth is also a business management consultant. She trains supervisors to identify their shortcomings and tame them, while creating management systems that focus on their employees rather than themselves. She is also the author of several books, including a four-book series on supervisory management which includes Taming Your Inner Supervisor, Day to Day Supervising, Hiring and Firing and Why Projects Fail. She and her partner, Bob Hag, host the weekly radio show Manage Living, which can be heard on-demand on her site. 5 most important skills to become an effective supervisor 1 . Delegation skills: This is one of the most important supervisory skills and requires logical rules and technique for proper assignment. Effective delegation saves time, develops people, motivates the team and increases the production. Poor delegation will result in frustration, De-motivation and creates confusion among the sub- ordinates. The delegated task must be specific, measurable, realistic, agreed, time bound, ethical and recorded. 2. Interpersonal Skills: Employers appreciate supervisors who get along with people at all levels and so they hire supervisors with good interpersonal skills like communication, problem solving skills and team building skills. Interpersonal skill helps to build a trust between you and the sub- ordinates and thus able to work harmoniously and efficiently. 3. Performance valuation skills: Evaluation of employee performance is one of the most challenging aspects of a supervisors Job. This evaluation improves employees Job satisfaction and morale by letting him/her know that the supervisor is interested in their Job progress and personal development. This serves as systematic guide in planning employees further training, assist in determining special talents, skills and capabilities. PEP also provides an opportunity for employees to discuss Job problems and interests. 4. Training Skills: It is a supervisors Job to identify and impart training to the employees on regular basis. It helps in increasing the Job knowledge and skills of the employees and thus expand the overall personality of the employee to achieve individual goal and organization goals. 5. Decision making skill: This is an important skill required for a supervisor in order to complete their Job responsibilities. Best way is to solve problems by selecting one course of action from several possible alternatives where the positive outcome can outweigh possible losses. Avoiding decision may be easier; however, making own decision and accepting the consequences is the best way to stay control of your time and success.

Cohabitation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cohabitation - Essay Example The leveling of the divorce rate is covering up the instability in the rising rates of cohabitation that is being passed from generation to generation. Cohabitation outside marriage sociologically changes the formation of the family unit. In a cohabitation arrangement, there is no legal commitment on the part of the spouses in regards to property and long-term child care arrangements. Because it leaves the children at risk, and due to religious and moral values, the act of cohabitation often carries a certain amount of social stigma with it. Yet, research has also shown that couples who cohabitate are significantly more likely to get divorced if the cohabitation progresses into marriage. A study by DeMaris and Rao (1992) concluded that "cohabitors have a higher hazard of dissolution at any given time since marriage. [and] cohabitors are estimated to have a hazard of dissolution that is about 46% higher than for noncohabitors" (p.183). The increased rate of divorce among previously cohabitating couples may be a product of an instability in the relationship from the beginning. According to Bumpass, Sweet, and Cherlin (1991), "About 4 0% of cohabiting unions in the United States break up without the couple getting married, and this tends to occur rather quickly. By about one and one-half years, half of cohabiting couples have either married or broken up" (p.917). Whether the cohabitation arrangement dissolves quickly, or ends in divorce after a later marriage, the prospects for a cohabitating couple are significantly worse than for a couple that marries without ever cohabitating. The rates of divorce and cohabitation have been historically measured by the Census Bureau. According to Fitch, Goeken, and Ruggles (2005), "The acronym POSSLQ-"Persons (or Partners) of Opposite Sex Sharing Living Quarters"-was coined by Census Bureau staff in the late 1970s. POSSLQ households-termed "Unmarried Couple Households" by the Census Bureau-are composed of two unrelated adults of the opposite sex (one of whom is the householder) who share a housing unit with or without the presence of children under 15 years old" (p.2). Divorce rates in theUnited States rose sharply in the period of 1960-1980 followed Chart 1: Source (Schoen & Canudus-Romo) by a leveling off period through the year 2000 (See Chart 1). During this same period, the Percentage of Opposite Sex Sharing Living Quarters rates have continued to rise sharply (See Chart 2). Chart 2: Source (Fitch, Goeken, & Ruggles) An interesting aspect of the divorce and cohabitation rates is that as the cohabitation rate was low and remained steady from 1960-1970, the divorce rate rose sharply. However, during the period of 1975-2005, cohabitation rates have risen dramatically, while the divorce rate has remained steady. From a psychological standpoint, it would seem that a relationship that has transgressed from a cohabitation arrangement to a marriage would have a better chance of success. The partners would be familiar with each other's living habits and the commitment to marriage would be based on a well informed couple. As would be expected, cohabitation has a higher dissolution rate than marriage, but this also extends to the couples who have married and now experience a higher divorce rate. Several studies have confirmed that couples who have