Global Health Resource Allocation Of Zambia - 1613 Words

Global Health Resource Allocation Approximately 3.3 billion people are at risk of being infected by and developing malaria today, despite massive international efforts to control the transmission of malaria (World Health Organization [WHO], 2014). Malaria has led to 584,000 deaths, and 189 million people are infected with malaria globally in 2013. The burden of disease is heaviest in the sub-Saharan Africa, where 90% of all malaria deaths occur. Malaria in African disproportionately affects the children under the age of five and is responsible for over 430,000 children deaths every year. The purpose of this discussion is to identify the social and economic impact of malaria in Zambia, the resource allocation in alleviating the burden of the disease, and the progress made for fighting the disease. Social Impacts Zambia is a malaria endemic country located in the heart of central sub-Saharan Africa with approximately 13.1 million people, 39.5% of which live in urban areas and the other 60.5% in rural areas (Central Statistical Office [CSO], 2013). The WHO reported an estimated 4.5 million cases and 7,737 deaths associated with malaria in 2011 (WHO, 2014). Forty percent of outpatient visits in Zambia are related to malaria (Chanda et al., 2013). The Eastern and Northern Zambia provinces had the highest incidence of malaria annually and accounted for almost 40% of all childhood deaths and 20% of maternal mortality (CSO, 2009). As such, the morbidity and mortality amongShow MoreRelatedBudgeting Process10662 Words   |  43 Pagesfinances management in Zambia. 2. Gumboh Steven, (2004): MTEF Manual for Central Government: Zambia. 3. Mudenda Dale, (2005). The budgeting Processes and Economic Governance in Zambia: A Literature Review. 4. Bolnick Bruce, (1995): Establishing Fiscal Discipline: the Cash budget in Zambia. 5. Dinh Hinh, (2000) Cash Budget in Zambia: Stabilizations versus Growth and Poverty Reduction. 6. Mwanawina, I, M, (2002): Transparency and participation in the budgeting process: Zambia Country Report. 7. MwansaRead MoreA Brief Note On Zambia s Social Protection Essay2453 Words   |  10 PagesZambia’s social protection Zambia has a long history of contributory social security schemes, which are based on the social insurance model and limited to providing protection against loss of income due to retirement, disability and death. Therefore, the scope of coverage is limited, and working women are often excluded because they are mostly in informal jobs. The national social security institutions are the National Pension Scheme Authority (NAPSA), the Fund for Public Service Pension (PSPF)Read MoreThe Trends in Depressive Disorders in Malawi from 1990 tO 20101761 Words   |  8 PagesPublic Health Interventions on mental health service delivery in Malawi There have been a strong advocacy by the mental health practitioners to strengthen the elements of public health such as public health intelligence, interventions and infrastructure in addressing mental health services during international conferences (11). This has led to the Ministry of Health in Malawi to plan for the interventions dealing with the disease prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of the patients once theyRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Malaria Is A Disease1884 Words   |  8 Pageslargest killer of children worldwide. The number of malaria related deaths per years has decreased through the years however the number of deaths is extremely high and can be drastically lowered or even diminished completely with the right resources. These resources have proven to be available and successful in some particularly wealthy areas of the world, yet malaria is still very prevalent and fatal in others. The question is why? What roles does government play in this international issue? What stepsRead MoreNational Solid Waste Management Strategy10632 Words   |  43 PagesEnvironmental Council of Zambia National Solid Waste Management Strategy for Zambia September 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables Abbreviations 1.0 iii vi 1 vii Acknowledgements Introduction to the strategy 1.1 BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 THE OPERATIONAL LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF THE STRATEGY ........................................Read MoreWomen s Health Care Of Women And Their Contributing Factors1680 Words   |  7 Pagesfor women’s health will secure high social, health, and economic returns (Stenberg et al., 2014). As a result, there has been a stronger focus on women’s health since 1985 when the Report of the Public Health Service Task Force on Women’s Health Issues was published. Therefore, the published report recognized the urgency to focus on women’s health at the community and individual levels (Lee, 2015). In addition, the shift to focus on women’s health recognized that a woman’s health involves moreRead MoreHuman Capital Flight ( Hcf )3942 Words   |  16 Pagesespecially in the last t wenty years among health care professionals. This prominence is as a result of global shortages in the supply of health professional (Chibango, 2013; Clark, Stewart, Clark, 2006). The shortage has exposed the crisis inherent in global health systems. 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Africa has some of the poorest life expectancy, highest HIV/AIDS rates, malnutrition and infant mortality rates in the world (African Development Bank Group, Income Inequality in Africa, 2012, p. 2). It leaves one to question the reason for such disparity within the continent. The following

The Affordable Care Act Reform - 1543 Words

The Affordable Care Act passed in 2010 and signed by President Obama on March 23, 2010. The vision was to reform the health-care in America worked and dramatically decreases the number of uninsured individuals. President Barack Obama campaigned aggressively under the phrase’ â€Å"Yes We Can†. In the end â€Å"Yes he did† get the health-care reform legislation past and set into motion the overall of health insurance decades in the making. Many of the major objectives of the Affordable Care Act were setup to be implemented over time, most of which will be in place by 2016. Until then it is somewhat difficult to determine the true impact of the Affordable Care Act on individuals and their medical care and the financial impact of the costs. As,†¦show more content†¦The objective was clear the time for health-care reform was now, how that objective was going to be met was unclear. In William Custer’s article Risk Adjustment and the Affordable Care Act states, â€Å"There has been a sharp decline in private coverage over the last decade, and concurrent increases in public coverage and the number of uninsured† (Custer PhD, 2013). The passage of the Affordable Care Act set out in grand fashion to meet overcome some of these challenges. House Bill 3590 titled the Affordable Care Act provides changes to some very vital areas of medical coverage, including such things as: no lifetime or annual coverage limits, prohibition of rescissions, coverage of preventative health services and extension of dependent coverage and the creation of uniform explanation of coverage documents and standardized definitions (House of Representatives, 2010). Individuals who have major medical conditions will no longer struggle to maintain the coverage they so desperately need to care for their medical condition and maintain the best quality health condition. Health Insurance providers can no longer deny coverage to an individual due to a medical condition, pre-existing or newly diagnosed. Arguably one of the key areas in regards to improved health coverage was in the area of preventative health services. Insuring dependants to the age of 26 will dramatically increase the

Visitor’s Opinions Free Essays

Although Windsor is seen to be a tourist town, filled with a number of attractions for all, it is necessary to get tourists opinions of the place. Tourists may hold many different and in some cases extremely opposing views on what they make of the town, criteria in which the town could improve on, attributes it lacks and generally whether or not Windsor is or is not worth a visit. Opinions of Windsor through its’ tourists go a long way in raising the profile Windsor as a tourist town. We will write a custom essay sample on Visitor’s Opinions or any similar topic only for you Order Now The opinions of the tourist go hard in hand in either contributing to a negative or positive impact of tourism in the area. It is these opinions that are highly regarded in a town like Windsor and through the data collected we can see how these positive or negative opinions are affecting the town. Whilst in Windsor a number of different questions were asked to tourists to gain their opinions on Windsor as a tourist destination. The age of the visitors interviewed is an important point to get across. As often people’s ages does sometimes affect decisions you make with you opinions. As figure S demonstrate the main age category of people I was dealing with was between 40-49 this category was inclusive of 5 people, the category30-39 year olds inclusive of 4 people, 50-59, 3 people and Under 18, 19-29 and 60+ 2 people each. This shows us that we were mainly dealing with the views of the middle aged but I was also receiving information from people of a variety of different age groups, suggesting that a balanced view across all age groups was obtained. Rating the journey to Windsor (see fig. T) although does not provide information on the main title question does show us how accessible Windsor is for the tourist and how easy their journey to the tourist destination was. Ten people opted to say that their journey was ‘very good, another eleven stated that it was Good and one person even said that their journey to Windsor should be rated as Excellent. This not only gives indication to the suggestion that traffic coming into Windsor on this particular day was not at all bad, but also shows that a number of accessible routes have been developed to come into Windsor, from a number of different means of transportation. To see how tourists rate Windsor as a tourist destination (see fig. T) is a very significant question. This tells us precisely what the tourist is thinking about the destination. When carrying out this survey I received mixed views from the interviewees. Six people rated the destination as being Excellent, another seven recommended it as a Very Good destination, four people rated it as Good and three people said that it was Poor. This although is a general good outlook on the town as there was a large amount of positive feedback does indicate that there are problems in Windsor certain tourists are experiencing. Which brings me to the next question – problems tourists are associating with Windsor (see fig. G). Litter, toilet accessibility, crime and queuing were not seen to be problems by tourists in Windsor. Instead crowding was seen to be a major deterrent with eight people feeling that this was a serious problem, the High Price of facilities was perhaps the biggest problem with eleven people feeling that this should be addressed, especially the regional price variations that occur within Windsor during the peak tourists months. Noise was a small setback with four people feeling that this was an issue to be dealt with and language barriers was perhaps an underlying problem with only two people feeling that this should be addressed. The final question was the most gaining in terms of the opinion of the tourist. It asks whether Windsor would be recommended as a tourist town to a friend (see figure L). Sixteen people opted as Yes and four as No. This again highlights Windsor’s ‘tourist appeal’ and popularity as a tourist destination as approximately over seventy percent of those people interviewed gave Windsor a positive affirmation. Aside from all this I also gained the opinion of Mrs. Brumpt in a separate interview I conducted regarding Windsor she felt like many other tourists and that is that Windsor did not have many problem to be addressed, but did say Windsor â€Å"needed to become more ‘user friendly’ and have easier access for disabled persons† and that traffic congestion when she commuted to work was also a big problem that needed to be tackled. Overall Windsor has received a lot of positive feedback from tourists. There were not any real concerns with problems, and as Windsor already implements a number of improvements most are usually dealt with. However I feel I should mention pricing as this is what concerns most people. This however, is an understandable problem and the regional variations in prices only occurs as a result of Windsor wanting to make as mush money out of the tourist as possible and in the process strengthening the economy. Nevertheless this is not such a major deterrent as people are still coming back to spend money in Windsor. Generally speaking Windsor is easily accessible, a good tourist destination and many would recommend the town to friends to visit. Tourist opinions give us a more lucid perception of Windsor’s ‘tourist appeal’, which tourists feel is potentially very high indeed. Through the opinions of visitor’s alone we can see that tourism has had an impact on Windsor as with the many encouraging points made about the town can do it no harm, but yet a lot of good. Positive tourist opinions help to boost Windsor’s market as if these tourists have a good experience and enjoy Windsor they will no doubt tell their friends and family who will also then want to visit the area. Therefore in terms of Visitor’s opinions on Windsor this does have an impact as it helps to generate a greater income for the local economy through the number of tourists visiting the area. How to cite Visitor’s Opinions, Papers

Describe Standard Of Environmental Codes â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Describe Standard Of Environmental Codes? Answer: Introduction: The aim of this assignment report is to describe the standard of environmental codes that are aimed to improve the quality of bakery products. Few of the codes are then applied in the Baxter Bakery Caf (BBC) that is aimed to deal with the challenges related to the poor quality of the products. Proper template is also used in the context to monitor whether or not the codes of standard are being followed within the industry. Proper suggestions will also be given to BBC, which will help them to follow the guidelines of the code related to the environmental standard of bakery industry. The purpose of the environmental standards that are maintained within the bakery industry is to ensure high level of safety of the foods and beverages. There are various food safety regulations that are applied at each stage of the food and beverage preparation. The BBC needs to ensure that they follow these standards that are meant to deal with the quality of the food that is made. Few of the important relevant standards that are followed by the bakery are as follows: Work place safety It is the duty of the management of BBC to ensure that all the workers in the manufacturing unit of the company have a safe and healthy environment within the workplace, which is aimed to improve the level of working condition within the workplace. Due to most of the hazards that are involved in the process on manufacturing, it is essential to minimize the risks that are associated with the use of the hazardous materials. There are also chances of various health risks that are associated for the workers within the bakery manufacturing unit that can include diseases related to the breathing troubles and other types of health care issues (Noya et al., 2013). By maintain workplace safety in the form of using proper ventilation system, it is possible to avoid all such incidents. The standards of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1984 needs to be implemented in the following context to deal with the challenges related to safety (Tufvesson et al., 2013). Food Safety Regulations The standards of food and safety are being implemented by the norms related to ensuring the quality of the food and beverage that are being prepared. These standards are meant to be applied for all food and beverage industrial products. The bakery products of BBC needs to maintain the quality that can ensure no harm is caused to the consumers. It is also essential for them to avoid all types of artificial ingredients that are a part of the food safety act. The norms of Food Act 2006 needs to be implemented in the given context. Food Safety compliance Securing the safety of the food is an essential part of the Bakery business of BBC. It is essential for them to apply the food safety compliance, which can be ensured with the help of regular quality checking procedures (Mylan et al., 2015). It is essential in this context for a management of BBC to employee food safety officers, who will guarantee safe quality of the Bakery products. Treatment of the Industrial wastes Waste productsare a part of the Bakery industry, which is excluded from the drainage system. It is essential for the BBC Bakery company to ensure that none of the waste products that are emitted as a environmental pollutants could cause harm to the local ecosystem. This can be achieved by the by help of proper treatment methods. For example, it is with the help of proper exhaustion system,it is possible to ensure that no harmful air pollutants are exposed to the atmosphere. It is also the duty of the environmental specialists to ensure that proper scientific techniques of waste treatment are being followed within the manufacturing unit of the industry. Handling of Stocks It is common for all Bakery products, to receive huge bulk of stock as raw materials. It is one of the essential parts of the standards of Bakery industry to ensure that all the stocks are doing kept in healthy environment in order to ensure that they do not have the risk of getting contaminated. BBC Bakery needs to implement proper storage system using electronic devices in order to manually control the temperature that is needed to stored store raw materials (Therkelsen et al., 2014). Checklist of Environmental regulations Hierarchy of control Yes/No Compliance with environmental regulations Yes State and Federal acts and codes Yes Correct installation of equipment to reduce environmental impact No Reduced efficiency issues effective environmental impact Yes Use of natural resources to ensure minimum environmental impact No Record current usage of resources No Resource usage wastage Yes Two of the major issues that are identified from the above checklist are due to the fact that the Bakery Company is not using natural product in order to ensure environmental impact. It is essential for the company manager to ensure about the fact related to reduction of the environmental loss. It is essential in this context to use natural ingredients in the process of food manufacturing. Proper up gradation of existing manufacturing technology is essential in this context, which will help the Bakery to use natural ingredients. It is also important to mention that the negative aspect of this process is the expenditure of manufacturing Bakery products will increase. Nevertheless, in the long run process this can help to improve upon the companys reputation. The management of BBC can take guidance Modern bakery, which has been able to implement the laws related to the environmental protection. BBC can hire ex-workers from that company, in order to deal with the relevant challenges Record maintenance is also one of the major issues that an encounter by the Bakery company. Hence, it is important for the manager to implement proper database system, which will help to store all the relevant information of the companys performance. The overall cost of bringing aboutthe above mentioned changes is calculated to be of approx. $500,000 and it has to be implemented in the time frame of 1 year. The changes can be monitored with the help of regular inspections by the food inspectors and environmentalists. It is also essential to provide proper training to all the team members of BBC, which is essential in the purpose of implementing change. Parameters Monitoring Principals New environmental targets Regular visit by environment a list can help to monitor the relevant principles Purchasing strategies based on environmental sustainability It is essential for the company to purchase raw materials that are environment friendly. Environmental improvement strategies Following the guidelines that are implemented by the government to ensure the protection of environment Ability to record information Use of proper databases Rewards program for customers Customer satisfaction survey Conclusion In the concluding note, it can be said that it is essential for the Bakery team of BBC to understand and implement the standards of environmental codes that are aimed to improve the quality of Bakery products. Five of the major standards have been highlighted in the given context. The template of checklist that has been prepared is meant for the monitoring the activities of the bakery. It is necessary for the management of BBC to implement changes according to the issues identified from the checklist related to the environmental standards. There are also certain monitoring principles, which will help the BBC Bakery to improve upon the quality of manufactured products. Reference Mylan, J., Geels, F. W., Gee, S., McMeekin, A., Foster, C. (2015). Eco-innovation and retailers in milk, beef and bread chains: enriching environmental supply chain management with insights from innovation studies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 107, 20-30. Noya, I., Vasilaki, V., Stojceska, V., Gonzlez-Garca, S., Kleynhans, C., Tassou, S., ... Katsou, E. (2017). An environmental evaluation of food supply chain using life cycle assessment: a case study on gluten free biscuit products. Journal of Cleaner Production. Therkelsen, P., Masanet, E., Worrell, E. (2014). Energy efficiency opportunities in the US commercial baking industry. Journal of Food Engineering, 130, 14-22. Tufvesson, L. M., Lantz, M., Brjesson, P. (2013). Environmental performance of biogas produced from industrial residues including competition with animal feedlife-cycle calculations according to different methodologies and standards. Journal of Cleaner Production, 53, 214-223.